Building Soil Health and Profitability with Cattle and Cover Crops in Drought

0:07 But if the other two years work here with us and numbers, this is, you know, I was thinking about a couple of things. This wasn't part of my presentation. I'm going to share it as, you know, the first family have known all of these guys. I know Alan, it's God, and they don't have a clue what I'm fixing to say. There's nobody in this room anymore, scary thing.

0:37 So and then Scott, I went as an optimist. We need to always look for positive things, and you don't have to worry about me coming and taking your farm away from you. You can have it. And Dave, I'm not going to come to North Dakota and try to take yours either. I can't stand that 200 plus days and freezing happen. I'm not doing that.

1:03 So let's get started here. First of all, I'm not a speaker. This is my absolute first PowerPoint presentation, so we're plugging on to be on a wreck for this a little bit. We're not going to give you a lot of facts and figures. I'm just going to talk to you about what we do on our farm. And you know, sometimes I think it's important is with those in life that we ask ourselves, are we wrong? Could we be wrong? And I think that's important as we do here. That's how we learn. If we think about what we could be doing this wrong, I don't have to worry about that because my wife said I'm never wrong.

1:46 Where we're located, this is the current draft monitor map of Texas. We actually are located on the Red River, right? A very North. Actually, you may have read some things in the news about the BLM trying to take land for ranchers. We know some of that man in the red river. Following, you will notice that that dark brown area, and that's the most severe section of the Drought Monitor map, and we're located on the very edge of that. If you look back at the one before that, one before that did that brown, this gets bigger and bigger, bigger labor, which is in the harbor.

2:24 So that's where we've been. And although we've had some rain and we feel like things are much improved, we are still in the D for Drive. But we are optimistic by the situation we're in. We've got water in ponds. We didn't have that a year ago. We've got green crops growing. We've got small grains running. We write grazing cattle, so we're very optimistic about where we're going.

2:57 A little bit about our stories and attending what we did it. We're a so with small grains stripping week, we can raise continents. My son Kevin helps me on the farm. We have a mother cow operation. I hear these guys talking about training to the cattle back in operation, and we've always had been there, and it was always we've always worked the man is just a part of our lives. This is a little group of cash we're raising. We had a group of black came out. They were a pretty good quality, and we want some Hereford bulls in public.

3:33 We're trying to raise our own black quality replacement heifers. It's our first time to try to do our own replacement style. This is a stocker cattle that we, this is actually shipping day 2013, just featured suddenly. They're coming how I mentioned earlier. You're not take enough pictures, obviously don't either.

3:55 And so it's kind of hard to scrounge somebody's up. Like I said, this was shipping day. We had the trucks lined up, and we're all excited, but we're fix them get tape. I've also used an agronomist.

4:09 And the method Ron was telling me, you need to get the cattle off your operation. You're never going to achieve maximum yields which you've got the cattle out there compacting their soils. And when I've told him is I'm probably interested in achieving maximum yields. I'm interested in achieving maximum profitability, and I'm not going to get rid of cattle. That's just part of what we're going to do. We raise some other crops. This is a spring and all of this year we've had, we've had a lot of experience with canola. It's been tough. We've been trying to do a lot of these new things in the middle of this drought. We've been in about four or five years now. Last year all of our canola in the area froze out, and turns out a lot of that damage is because the canola tries to grow too much and it gets the crown above the soil and it freezes. So we're actually trying to here, trying to control growth with some chemicals and shut it down, see if we can stop some of that freeze damage. We don't seem to be having those problems this year. Like I said, we've had some wind. It's amazing how much better freeze damage is, and some of these other things we have moisture, and that's helped them.

5:26 We're smiling on the pass. We haven't raised any mildew issues. This was one of the better years. And we write sesame. Sesame was difficult to raise in the drought, but this year we had some rainfall and sesame was better this year in our cattle operation above the mother cows and stockers. We'll need hay this year was new for us. We're in fact wrapping in wet hay and making a leech out of that. We have not fed it yet, so we don't know how that endeavor's going to go, though we always have dry hay for both mother cow and stocker cattle operation. We always try to grow some experimental things. This is some flax we're attempting to grow. We don't know how that's going to work out. It's just we'll see. This is that just come up. It's pretty young and it's got some free standing joints, so you know we'll see how that goes.

6:23 This we have a little accident here when you spilled over a bag of our seed. We haven't picked it up yet, and I want to get a picture there. And this is black oats. They're not black, but they're should chop up right now, and so that was something totally new for us. We're excited by using those in our cover crop mix, especially for forage. Is supposed to be more of a coarse, denser forage and would be better for our soils, and so we're decided by using those in cover crops, and then you know also for, you know, in our grazing system as well. And then to us also this year which we haven't planted is going to be spring yellow peas. We these are kind of experimental for us again, and we don't have those are them governor, but we're excited about trying to move kind of different cropping systems. We, you know, I can remember a time when you get somebody that said what kind of crops can you grow there? We'll say where we grow wheat, problem sometimes mild, okay? And that was it. And we would tell people we can't grow anything else. So what we're trying to learn there in the soil health, the environment agreement, and as we look for diversity, what can we grow there? And I think we really didn't know because we weren't ever open-minded enough to look. Also, there's a lot of cattle where we need fencing. These are some expenses we constructed. You can see.

7:53 The back of those steel posts they're lined with grasshoppers. So after that these things like drought always brings that on. So we've been in that drought pretty good. We've been building some gates at forest in the last couple of years, trying to get our bring value to a livestock operation. You build a couple set of pins also at the livestock. We always have issues with water, so we've had a lot of pods that were driving the straw here is cleaning out through one of those ponds. I don't have any of those things we cleaned by the end of the 20s or 30s, but you know, if you want it to be better, if you better do something with the body. That's why we look at it cleaning out upon our, we're gonna fix anything for this year. This key trick we're ready for the next drought and we know it's going on, so we're just trying to get ready.

8:53 Let's just get in some of these topics with you. Our topic today is soil health. Obviously, maybe you have some interest in there because you're here. I think if there's been a mistake made is we've talked about these things. Maybe we place initially there's too much emphasis placed on the no-till. It was saying like the always discussion was should I till or not till, and it was always a cost discussion, which is cheaper. And I think that was always the wrong discussion.

9:24 Maybe because we did know much else about the discussion, and the guys that have chosen to go down at hotel have learned that there are other factors that become far more advantageous than cost when you go to looking at them. And that's what I think we're hopefully trying to consider as evidence. I like to think about what's going on as we travel down this road. This tab, I like analogies. I like to make analogies to other things and it helps me make sense of them. I like to think about it as we were just asked you people to get up. They must walk out of here and getting your colors that we're going to drive though Coma City. Now as we did that, we're not going to all get there at the same time. We're going to be moving at different speeds. People are going to be passing people. Some people are going to stop the grass. Some people are going to eat. It's just, you know, something are just going to, you know, obviously we're going to be moving in a different pace. And then also there's going to be somebody just leaves here getting a car and say to heck with it, I'm going south, you know, and that's fine. That's what it's about is just that walk down this highway, that path that we're on.

10:46 And I think that's really what we want to talk about today. And you see that Gabe and Scott and myself, we're not all on this highway at the same place. We're in different places moving different speeds with different things in mind. That however, our goal healthy soil is a positive government. So as we talk about that, we want to discuss with you just a little bit our journey down this road to data. And I'm going to just pause with the slides were being intended to kind of work. I got to here. It was wrong in about the mid-80s. I convinced I was in a farming partnership with my father. I can be him because we were raising a lot of cotton and we had a lot of erosion from that talk. It's typical bad man to put out a yellow herbicide to double work.

11:42 That yellow person and the time we got to planning we have a soil extremely bigger and when you've got some rain we just had tremendous erosion. I've never taken a bulldozer patching the terraces, patching washed up ditches, patching the herbicide and planning and it just made me sick that we were doing this.

12:03 So I convinced him I said listen, we can heard a lot about no-till corn soybeans. It's nice to try something though cheeto. So we didn't know anything about it. At the county agent to help us, we actually put the wheat stubble through the summer with a dressing and it come time to plant next year we just have our 1,700 year planner. There was never any no-till attachment on and no down the initial down pressure and so we thought we were waiting to plant this cloth with it three wet. So we chose to do that and of course we planted it with it trusted on us. We didn't get it open and my dad said well this is a failure. So we just need to plow this and if planted product and we'll skip down the road.

12:50 And so that's what we know. We have a saying in our area: you can't no-till though you haven't buried your father. With somebody linking over your shoulder every day telling you that you're wrong, that it's not gonna work. And I would encourage you, if you're in some kind of a father-son Parker operation and you're thinking about doing this and everybody's not on board, I'd really encourage you to think about that today.

13:31 And about the turn of the century of energy, I think good think about that. How many of us can say I was alive with the turn of the century? I can remember when Y2K was a big day of knowing the aterna. All the computers were coming crash and all that stuff. So the wrong in about the end we start using rotational no-till. We were planning using a small grant cover. We would grace that a little bit, the remaining terminated and then we would plant company in that. Then we're going to be able to go back to tillage for our week. So we did that for a while and we saw benefits from that.

14:12 Then actually in 2005 we bought our first hotel cedar and we said we're going to be full-time till now. I wasn't as smart as day. I didn't settle my village equipment because I thought this might not work. And so what happened, we actually got about four years in the tunnel and we were having some real problems with tunnel with no grass. And some of you might know what that dress is. Comes out of your pastures and it's a pretty tough one. And we couldn't control some of that grass.

14:42 So we had a neighbor that hooked up to chisel plow at a no-till farmer. He was trying something easily, man that's the answer. So we have to chisel plow and swept some of those fields that have heard of them and kind of smooth about having looking real good. But we didn't help our problem. We killed the grass that year but it was back next year thicker than we've ever had. And because all we did was plant the seed of the grass is out there, so we just provided a perfect thing, a perfect environment for that grass to do weather.

15:12 So we just found out we have a problem but we had to find another solution to the problem and that solution was to do a better job of killing grass. We had to kill it one of the small and be more dedicated. You have to get the rock Kevin puts the rock right. We just had to figure out a better way.

15:29 To get the job done the tillage was not the way to get the job done. In 2010 we bought our first stripper header. General, I need to tell you something—you're gonna go home and talk about buying stripper. Include the word heavy, and so we purchased our first trooper headers in 2010. In fact, we encouraged our custom harvester to bring stripper header so we've stripped all of our small drags since then. I think in my opinion, strippers are the next step of a no-till environment. It really takes your program ahead and it's just really about maintaining that residue.

16:19 And as Amy said, two years ago we started using some local species covers and are trying to work through that, see what we can learn and manage. As I mentioned, when we made our decision to go to full hotel in 2005, this was like something that played a very important part of that decision. We learning we have an Extension Service and stand Beavers as an economist there, and Stan's been great to work with. We would have some meetings and it was basically we go to steakhouse with my steak. We had some knives that he played with. Note to and some knowledge of no-till and cost they had been tillage. When some guys that were thoroughly convinced about staying for tillage, and so we just had discussions about what it cost, what was what you needed to have you get the job done, what it cost. And now some of those meetings almost turn into facts and arguments, but it was really good because everybody that was there was dedicated to find the answer.

17:20 So there's a really good discussion, but they had stand them together budget and what we were doing is you attract those budgets till the hotel was just pretty much running back together. Cost was about the sun. I'd say her life story. Look at this—they were thinking about a cost factor along in about 2005. This was the budget the standard together, and if you'll see there was about a fifteen dollar advantage to no-till. Now if you look the return of the boaters red, that's scary. But now you got to understand a couple things. I was back in an environment for our week there was from my house talking coming those budgets and staying is a tough, tough budgetary. I mean, he's going to look at family living cost, everything. And so those were tough budgets, but I'm going to tell you what our budget around was a thirty-two hundred acre wheat farm and fifteen dollars an acre—that's forty-eight thousand dollars so that we said then that trips the scale for us. That we made the decision what was happening along about that time was packed and running out on Roundup and other herbicides. Herbicide costs were coming down. Fuel prices were going up. The price of steel from John Deere, International, and Heather were going up, and so we finally saw that rollover.

18:52 Now is we go down and highway we talk to that monochromacy where are we going here? And this is where we're headed—we want to achieve a healthy, viable, thriving living soil for our production. Now if I were to ask you describe that repetitive, said we're going to talk about life, I want you to describe the life in that picture, you would probably say well, I see a man, he's obviously alive. That earthworms alive and they say the soil is alive. So there's three forms a lot, they're no different.

19:30 Billions of forms of life clear that are literally billions of fungi and microbial bacteria and all those living within that soil and we need to learn how to manage that environment better if we want to walk down this road, this path.

19:48 Roland, what are some of the obstacles that we could run into? And I just, you know, not all the obstacles, but here's the degree I think of and you think the sun is an obstacle, but I can't believe, look at that guy. I mean, I can tell me it's come a bit chilly in there all day. I kind of warm up to that just looking at it on the street. That's hot. You've heard some of these guys talk about temperatures and on the soil and those things. I kept remembering we're so close. Texas watches the ten o'clock news and the temperature at ten o'clock given on those countries and it's hot ones like that now, you know, we fuss about the summer, but this is what we do, guys. We harvest that energy. The energy from the sun come on with nutrients from the soil and water we grow through for a population, and without that we have nothing. All we have to do is learn how to better manage it, and we can manage it better with covers.

20:52 This wind is destroying. I've never liked this thing. I guess if you've got a bunch of winds your letters, there's a lot of benefit from it, and there are some benefits to agriculture that I just can't buy them. We've got that rain drop there, you know, I'm sure you guys are going to, how could you, something's wrong, and you know it's hard, but we will find the right. We need the rain. I don't think the drop we need the moisture, but I don't need the effects of that. Look at what's going on there. That drop is impacting and you have a miniature explosion. It's literally blowing down or slow particles that organic matter. Those are the extremes, and you think, oh, it's no big deal, that's a raindrop. Now let's put billions of them out and you see what we have happened. You have an explosion occurring there. Figure how do we these things on your recovery. We provide cover for that soul.

21:56 I want to show this to you. You think, well, that's just another picture of the company. Let me see if I can get this pointer to work. Look, I'm not doing right there on that brother. What do you see? You see weeds? Do you see weeds up in that field anywhere? So that cover does a tremendous job of suppressing that weak pressure, and that's another thing that covers to do its work.

22:32 Here's another picture of cover. Now that I'm pretty sure that's a column on track. We have drills on the combines we kind of see two tracks and you see that probably two foot standing stubble that stripper. So now if that survey is coming down, it doesn't impact the soil. It impacts that stubborn so soul. Does it get hot? The stubble gets hot. It absorbs that energy. Then the wind going through there great gates that energy way. Hey wait a minute, we found some use for the winter. So we help lower the soil temperature. We have lower that eventful transpiration. The same happens for that right and wrong. When that raindrop comes down and hits that soil, now I get the benefit of the land without the damage of the drop. It trickles down that stem and gets to the soil, and I don't have take advantage of clean dry some of the tools that we.

23:31 Can use to get that guy or this is a no-till Seagram and this is what I want to see when I'm planning my next prompt. I'd love to see resident up there living that baller. That storm is still protected I'm putting another crop in there and they're so low still protected.

23:47 Here's a planning field a 30 inch flow planning summer crop I want to see that kind of cover so that we don't have the damage from those guys out there.

23:59 Here is a photo of an October issue of Atomic No Tiller. Jim took this photo on my place last harvest. He we were out there and I think you can see that's probably him out or something and what I want to try the size to you here is in Texas with these temperatures and the wind and the other things it's difficult to keep these residues rare so we have a multi-species cover crop you can see heads from millets.

24:34 The day we did this I made a statement that I think I waited too long to terminate this. Today I realized I didn't wait too long it was fine. I don't think the benefit is waiting longer but we sure didn't wait too long. This was taken the 14th day of August. Today we actually terminated that crop the following day on the 17th day of August. We had a 48:30 jugglers player had a backup camera magnetic mounted underneath it. We took the camera off of the spread of that night. The residue like the camera so that's what kind of recipe we have here.

25:16 Here is a picture of this is actually in September we're running through that residue putting in a moment to get ready to plant a week off. Here is right behind that brick that we're running and some ammonia rig and you can see we pump you still have a couple foot residue there behind that rig so we're lying some of it down. If you look out in front of that tractor it's maybe six foot tall full hollow fibers and someone's in and but we still got a couple foot standing. This was last week that's what we got well you can see some residue obviously coughs laying on the man it's planning anyway that's the lead without there on this is Leslie what are some of the tools we can use to help us maintain that cover on those feels.

26:03 The main cutting the cover so we can protect it from the rain the Sun in that we need guys would have heard it said my several producers here today a stripper header is extremely valuable in Texas. Now I've heard he said in some areas they don't like strippers. Strippers can serve too much moisture they make the soil to where they can't drive out. That's not my problem in North Texas so we want to conserve all the moisture we can. One of the things that helped us make that decision to purchase that stripper was a study that was done by children and Deitrick castings and Deitrick lives up in very northwestern Kansas. This was a three year study that he did on his farm.

26:58 Now Victrix bad was a researcher for Kansas State University. Dietrich was not employed by Canada State but he was doing this work through the Kennedy Center cultural research Association. It's called Carolina and people that know Dietrich talked about him being a relentless dive for details. He really is a detailed researcher. He wants and I've had fun conversations with pictures on the phone about this and I asked him I said victory what did you really want to see out of this and he said all I ever

31:19 Just not a big issue thing. I just don't think it's that big of a deal. This has really got a good picture. It's only one I have over way to run this rig. We weren't really running the rig here. This was just the small things covered. We've just got to put together. We were just up there trying to safely get it to work, but we're just fluffing a right area there, smooth out those problems and then hopefully if we get some right away you come in there and you plan this was our hotel secret.

31:50 We actually involved two of these cedars. Then a couple years ago and we took them to the house and rebuild them. We just bought into the normal part, rebuilt them like updated job. We wanted to do one thing, and you say, well, what's how do you mean what can you do in your scenery to preserve resident? You can make choices and selections. For example, here we chose a 10-inch seated over 7.5. There's one third fewer openers on the King Sigurd than there is a 7 and a half. There you've got one third fewer homes, one third for your blades. It's a lot easier to work over and your cost will purchase this less and it preserves more residue which more residue standing after you, Steve. We took it home and really would not miss a picture, yeah, there we go.

32:39 This is of the work that we did to those openers. We remove the OEM wheels and replaced them with a marking gauge wheel. It's still a wheel so the bearing is not placed in plastic as the deer it is. We get a lot better performance out that the middle wheel. The in photo will remember I am will replace that with a new comb. The egg wheel, it's a narrower wheel, gives you much better sleep. The soil contact so you get two better emerges. And we take the closing wheel off the back and replace it with the martin krumpers wheel. And we feel like we get a lot better closing action at that crumbling action as opposed to just to go am straight steel wheel.

33:21 Here is a picture of that pressure gauge picture of the pressure gauge on that scenery. If you'll notice deer and they manufacture, they have to come a little green inspection in there. That's where they basically this is the safer inch to run it in and then they cut a little orange lane, just thank you, you know a caution. And then the red, the danger. We always run in the red. We run extending ready about 1500 pounds. And no reason we don't find higher than man. It's because, you know, lifting the secret. Now you say, you know, is your aromatic hard? Well, it's not that hard, but we want to take the balance out of that system. We want to get that scenery time to the ground so we get off you'll mistake of soil contact. And that's becoming the pressure range you need to begin. Sometimes are we go some of our real sandy soils little drop that pressure tubing on to the 1000-pound right.

34:23 Above the green, here's another photo of that secret. You say we've placed all three whites on the back here, put some brackets are there, put lights on. They put them in the wrong place. You don't lean weight on the front of that cedar. You need it on the back. If that seniors going to lift, it's going to lift in the back. If you plot pressure that how broad system, you're going to see it's a lift in the back. So that's where you need to pressure also take a picture.

34:48 Of this we add onto that link and put that angle on there because I don't see very good. I'm not swinging off for seniors and if that really helps, you know what keeps the polls up.

35:04 Slide this is so we're cover crop that we planted this last year. This is a match that we did it. You can see we have pretty good cover from a draft up wheat crop last year. This is another picture that same field we fix. They've got stall cover there and we're pleased and we think we have a pretty good mix there of the window growth rings and in the process of them ending what getting is as well. Here is a this is not this thing feel. This is a different field little toddler school and we didn't have the funds to stand there. This is lighter. You can see we got some pretty big brother fine for you.

35:44 Those of you guys that have brought and confident know about con depending on cotton. You know that there's you take a lot of residue away when you raise cotton. This is this year after we harvested cotton. We have a tumblr crop in there and terminating a complan it and we've already run a no-till cedar over this and playing small grains. We still have a pretty good resume if it's a some soil in there. I don't like you ever see the soil but we have some pretty good cover.

36:15 You another tool that will use and I've mention that we have livestock or running stocker cattle and wheat. Last year we set up our first rotational grazing system and this is going to be the second one that we set up this year. You can see the yellow is the outside perimeter of the farms is. You'll look kind of them at the bottom of there's a pond there and you'll see a waterway up through the middle of that. What we'll do is we'll double fence or you say if a electric fence double wire that only a permanent fans. We're going to put it in every a permanent installation we want to get out will direct corners in games so that you can open a gate to every one of those paddocks and then those blue stops that you see across there will just be temporary electric fences that we can throw up in a diamond.

37:10 So that field was planted in grid was barley tonight we intended raise it out. When we throw those temporary fences up there will be about 48 or paddocks and if you can, you know argument in no way it's getting to the point that Gabe is talking about was talking about limiting access to the hours but we're going to just limit movement of these livestock. Livestock just seems wrong and graze and forage too much and they do more damage or they do about as much damage as what they eat. So we want to limit their movement and not only your limiting movement that you're resting the rest of the field where you're doing that.

37:50 So we can actually stay on each one of these paddocks about four days that we 8 paddocks in there by the time we come around, you know, we'll have over a month's rest on that. If you're going to wreck one of these systems a good charger is good to have. This is one we put together it's a speed v 1809 we that's charger pulse for about a 120 watt solar panel. This is 160 watt panel and you'll see these corners that we put in. This is a bunch of scraps what it is actually that's into it 3 800 fill power down close to the ground. We cut a piece of 2 and 7/8 and color so that it's it has more strength at the ground level then we get it sets a 3-inch high thickness oil field.

38:40 Poly power, it's a thick wall poly, it fits right over the top of that three eggs. We drive it there on there and cut a groove in for the wire. We tie it on and then in Swahili for that fans here we are 10. I'm testing this charge on that day. This is last week that's 11 kilovolts, that's 11,000 volts. Caveat, mess with that here is I am a gay and we're putting it will Hotwire off of that gay that would be one of the dividing senses you just time to that run across the field, put it out and then you can just don't close that gate access to the paddock. We have a development built on there to help you know access.

39:22 I want to talk a little bit, you know. They said this Scott said don't you paid him to or nominated payment so they actually encourage them to make up a plug and I heart there. I think the courage make our just don't do it and you guys one of resource to help you. You figure these things out and where did I go. In the future there's a seminar coming evening Salina Kansas. It's January the 27th and 28th. No children playing sometimes it's an amazing meeting. There's a lot to learners, a lot of good speakers and it's worth your time and effort. They have to that. There's a meeting called the hanging policy and we can infect her the first time my steering is a great feeling as well. I think you'll enjoy it.

40:15 Another great resource time that no two on the plains. This is a what is some of our spring anyway. There is a picture of Dwayne Beck. Dwight runs cover Lakes Research Forum. One of the probably the most amazing things that we were a part of was in 2009 when I won't tell the plaintiff or North to her and we got to go there King and the covetous and we went to Beck's pond and on that cross was Mr. Rayborn. And I say going on that bus trip with red board is equivalent to a Bachelor of Science degree in social sciences. That guy is a teacher and he just stands up and preaches the whole time. You'll be going down there and I'll stand up. He will say God, I'm back in the sixteen hundreds. The glaciers come down through here and pushed up this over here. This ravenous little top and it's just amazing. So I would encourage you to look into those. The points north toward the backs and no children planes are great places that you can learn.

41:31 OK if I pop setting anything that's any good any of you so far. Now I want you to listen to me. Many of you probably have seen rainfall simulator in here. What a rainfall simulator accomplishes is they take a soil of similar type or the same time, maybe various management practices, chill versus no-till, various covers and they spray water on it and you collect what hunts off and you could receive that the different amounts that runoff and you get to see how much solar runs off in the neglected water. It's very powerful to see that to visualize that yourself. Probably one of the best ones that I've seen was done in no-till on compliance by NRCS, a very good job. That's very powerful. Now let me tell us more powerful man when you see it in real life your own father.

42:31 And we weren't afforded the opportunity to do that in 2013. This is where I live now. At the bottom you'll see that the pond that my house is in the middle there. There's kind of a terrace wrapped around the hill and you'll see this green field up here this.

42:50 Laughs, go down this way, that's a hill. You see that drainage area through there. Does the work with me? No, I won't leave things alone. So it was 2013, all these ponds were gone. So we claimed those ponds out, we had mud still everywhere. This over here, the riders a swim that school is dry. So we don't get out into a pond and spread the dirt out and fill the field up, the lower areas. You just fix that all up. And me and I said, okay, well we've got this crooked fence here. Why don't we straighten that fence up? There's some critical area shaping in here and put that area into the field because that's really good soil down there. So that's what we did.

43:34 So you see that with a triangle shape area. So you get a picture that in your mind here, when my house is the hill, it's very high over here to the left. In the field, it's high. Now we plowed this pasture up when the memory state into the little bit. So as been replacing the Ramudu, we scattered some hay greater estate in the groove in the best fridge, just letting the trickle out. And when rain they come up, so we can actually cover them. You'll see that here. This is the father that I was taking later that summer in 2013. And you'll see that guy guys are coming up. This is out my backyard looking down there now. You'll see water standing there.

44:13 Now, what I really wanted to emphasize to you, that field area back there, I guess they've been plowed through. I don't know when that land was broken out. I knew years ago, 100 years ago, had been farmed for eighty two hundred years until 2005 when we might know cheese this little triangle terrier that I show you long ago that we broke out there. That farm in its life until two weeks before we came in there and to moving soil, pushing it around, moving fence lines, dragging it. It was rough. So we would plow it and drag the beam and plowing and heroin, we abused it. We have used it in the worst town weather.

45:02 Okay, that's working off to the east, you see water spinning. Just looking off to the west, you see water standing. Okay, that area or not, and then that field that's flat as a tightly. In fact, if you look like there is that picture, which is a dark area, we actually did some work training that area. It was wooden frames which have a challenge that doesn't help the trainer. These pay, we got pretty good rainfall. Once again, we got to understand that I got a langauge around up here when I took that picture, three tenths of an inch. You say worse then I feel that they're running. No, telling you, I got three kids Mitchell rainfall and that land that I've used up, they'll understand and all over it. And that's their world. We're no telling, there's no water stain. Go back, same thing over here. You can see the area's getting wider. That's the triangle we did. And because my house is on the hill, when you walked out the back door, you go wow, what just happened here? Why do our habits? I promised our ancient enemy I'll walk to the edge of the three cans. What's going on here? This is a picture that my mismanagement. I'm mismanagement views that soil so bad. But look at what happened in slope where we had improve management. Okay, I'm sorry, there we go. Thank you for your time and attention.