Dan Janski's Dairy Operation: Balancing Cover Crops, Livestock, and Diverse Crops in Minnesota

0:01 Turn it over to Davis. Alright, thanks Jonathan. So this is the fourth and final part of our soil changing farmers webinar series. We thank you for those of you who have joined us so far and for those of you who haven't, we do have all of these reported on our YouTube channel. So all 4 parts will be on the YouTube. All 3 previous ones are already on there and then Dan's will be uploaded probably within the week so we're grateful to have Dan with us today. He's from South Central Minnesota.

0:33 So far in this webinar series, we've been in California, we've been in Virginia, and then we're getting a little bit closer to home here in the Midwest. We had Columbus, Nebraska represented last week and now like I said, Minnesota today so we're grateful to have Dan with us. Dan's been farming your whole life, right? Yep, that's correct.

1:02 This is glad to talk with you guys and be a part of this webinar. I think some of the stuff that I would be explaining, you're gonna get to in some of your slides anyway. So without further ado, Dan, go ahead.

1:25 South Central Minnesota like Davis had mentioned. Hi, farm with my brother and my parents. Family owned operation started in 1940 with my uncle, actually, on the operation beginning. And kind of transitioning down the line, my grandfather farmed here. And my parents and now me and my brother are transitioning to fourth generation. So we milk a hundred 10 dairy cows with automatic melting systems. Previously this year we were actually still milking 220 cows. We've downsized our dairy operation to better equip ourselves to do a little bit better job with soil management around the land we farm.

2:19 And also just on the next note, so we have 900 steers on confinement, 30 beef cows, which we are experimenting a little bit with rotational grazing. And 4,000 acres of crop land where we have 28 center different irrigation systems. So we've been no tilling for 6 years. And cover crop integration about 5 years.

2:51 So on our farm, we grow corn and soybeans, oh, alfalfa and canning piece. Yeah, I suppose the next slide right away again. I apologize guys, I thought we were doing Q&A in between, doing QA in between so just get a little off topic here.

3:22 Yeah, I guess a little history of our farm. As far as no television cover crop goes before we had experience, or started with cover crops, our farm was full with tillage. Very variable soils in our part of the world. Hence the fact we have 28 cent pivot irrigation system. So we were kind of desperate, I guess, lot of terrible crops in our part of the world just we could maintain yields. Everything was pretty sustainable. And my brother had started experimenting or learning about no tillage, which was something I think everybody on our farm was very skeptical about, myself included. Just beginning out it was something we weren't used to.

4:13 Something we weren't used to. Yeah, since we've experimented with it, we've got to be elaborated. We're trying to get further down the line as we go.

4:32 Okay. And then we can, I'll have some questions before we open it up for QA.

4:42 If we could do next slide. Jonathan, thank you. So, one thing I'll talk about are beef cows that we have integrated. Canning piece is one of our early season or warm season crops that we harvest. So that's kind of where we started experimenting with full season cover crops. And we brought the cows to the field where it's plausible for us. We are kind of surrounded by City on all sides, we're kind of rural, but we're just south of town about 7, 8 miles.

5:17 So where we're grazing is very close to our farm. Just because of fear of, you know, traffic and major highways so we got a single poly wire will run around these fields. Yeah, we turn the 30 beef cows loose at their calves this year. This year wasn't a very good year for us, not a lot of our fields that were peas where we're very close to the farm, so we didn't get a lot of warm season or anything this year. Unfortunately, we were just strapped to pasture.

5:51 I do believe that rotational grazing is something I would really love to elaborate on our farm. It's definitely shown benefits not only on yield maps but from a soil health perspective. We have seen dramatic changes where we can bring those cows out there and cycle those nutrients and kind of stamp into the ground.

6:12 So yeah, so what the meat cal integration, cover drop integration, most of our, another point I wanted to bring with our fall was a little bit tougher than normal years. As far as moisture, Stella and Stalin Davis the other day that we had. Normally we're about 90% planted by this time going into winter, even greater this year. We were about 35% of cover drops flying and so it was a different management technique for us.

6:46 You know, something I wasn't used to something since we've started using cover crop sort of bothers me because I think our principals have changed a little bit on our farm. And the way we look at things, myself especially, I do have pride and having our cover crop planted in a silent manner. I keep this little covered going into winter so it's gonna bring a different set of management task force this year, but I think.

7:12 First and foremost, the fields I don't have planet, I'm going to try and get some of the newer from our confinement feed lots. To keep the soil covered going into spring and hopefully prevent some erosion. I'm sure we're going to experience some, but hopefully to a minimum just keep the fields covered the best we can.

7:34 So if we do next slide again, Jonathan. Another example of a warm season cover drop following peas. I'm most of our cover crops are about a thousand acres a year is devoted to diverse cover crop would be following small grain or oats or canning piece. And I do feel that's where we get our greatest benefit to our operation from a nutrient cycling standpoint and, holding water infiltration and getting the most out of our irrigation systems.

8:14 Next slide, Jonathan. So, this is something I very

8:18 So this is something I'm very excited about, some new practices we're trying to implement on our farm. You know, sorry if I didn't mention, but our 4,000 acres is spread far and wide. Locally we have centrally located near the farm we have about 2,500 acres. That gets the newer from our confinement feed lots and the stuff that's further away.

8:47 We were always spinner spreading our B and K on and kind of using the our air seater to incorporate that when we planted. If you will, but we were kind of noticing that we were getting P and K stratification in our soil tests.

9:09 And we purchased a Striptill Ets oil warrior that we're implementing on probably about a thousand acres a year.

9:22 Another thing we're trying to elaborate on or do better on our farm is handy testing and more intense soil testing so that we can pay closer attention to crop nutrition. Starting next year, I'm going to start implementing compost inferral on our farm.

9:41 That's something that is very new to me. So I'm learning as I go. Just a few things there, tissue sampling and breaking your barriers with reduced inputs. So this here is our first year doing for on our farm. We hadn't done it in the past. And that was a very big change for our operation.

10:21 So one thing I think, if we go to the next slide Jonathan, one thing I've all mentioned, I'm going into from a full Nelel system to integrating stripped. That's always very a very hard topic for me. Just because I was, you know, now that we've learned about the benefits of no tillage and bringing stripped allergen to our system was something that made me very uncomfortable.

10:46 My brother was kind of the leading way for adding striptele to our farm. These are both examples of a field that had a warm season cover crop on that we did strip till this mid summer. I was, I mean, I'm going to be honest, I was very skeptical the spring as well.

11:04 Just just for the mere fact that we were doing television or we were doing television in our fields from a crop perspective and craft nutrient management I do feel like for these farms that are not getting the newer and organic materials I think it's a better, a better all around alternative for putting your P and K down so this the field that was like I said I was surprised that it looked as good as it did after being stripped.

11:38 This was, so this is the first field my brother had stripped of the spring. Like I said, I was very skeptical about Strip Till from a nutrient standpoint and from crop perspective I do feel like we have increase there to nutrient uptake on these fields that are utilizing stripped just because we're banding it in the root zone and, you know, this video was like a first cover last year and strict until the end of the spring.

12:12 And I was not mostly appalled by the the difference and the crops we're seeing on these farms. The highest level I believe of crop production we've ever seen on these fields. As well as very nutrient dense crops. I was blown away by that.

12:41 This was, so this is kind of our experiment downsizing. Me and my brother had a discussion.

12:47 Discussion this year. About well, how are we gonna replace the revenue that our farm has created with having dairy cattle? Obviously, no prices weren't very good this year, so it wasn't very hard to upsell what we were trying to do but my brother and I had a discussion if we could increase crop fertility, crop density and, you know, our goal was 5 bushels on corn. I think we will surpass that this year. But this was just one trial I experimented with on our canning piece.

13:23 So we know till our canning peas, which are the grower we grow them for. Was not too pleased by the idea of no tilling peas. And it was a very hard sell for him, so it was, once we did it, I was pretty skeptical myself just because we had worked in. They were at least minimum of vertical tillage the last few seasons. And I got him on board to let me do every acre this year, which is about 300 acres of canning piece. And the further away from field, I did nothing too. We put our PNK down like we normally do. And that was that this field as in a history of manure. And we. Alright, I should say we get a full year trial on it and the difference that was noted to me was we had a hundred 25 less pounds of product raised on the field.

14:28 But because of the products quality we were given a hundred $32 an acre more girls pay by the time it was all said and done, I do believe what the folder application we were somewhere close to 90 to $100 an acre. And, increase profits on that field and not only that, it was higher quality. It made great A canning, which is something that we haven't done in the 10 years of growing peace. So. That was very eye opening for me, just something simple that didn't take a whole lot of effort. I mean, just the right timing and putting the right products down do seem to make a difference.

15:04 Next slide, Jonathan. So this is part of the our next year's trials on our farm. I've made 4 Jats on Subai reactors on our farm to implement info next spring. Both corn and soybeans I do believe will implemented on. And I've been doing quite a bit of research on farm made bio fertilizers. If we could produce and make some of our own for your applications, if it would be viable options for saving revenue and also, or saving cost. I'm sorry. And increasing crop nutrition crop fertility, but what I do like about it is where going to hopefully eventually reduce and limit our usage on synthetic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers. I don't think we'll ever get away from, a hundred percent, but I do think these are good alternatives to reductions.

16:12 Next slide, Jonathan. This is my last slide. So whether you think you can or you can't, you're right. And record. I think that's a very wonderful quote. We, you know, there's a lot of times where I felt like we were doing the wrong things or we, we don't have it right, but it's very rewarding when we start to see our our crop.

16:41 Start to see our crop flourish and our nutrient density does seem to be increasing quite regularly.

17:09 So we've experimented quite a bit with interceding the two previous seasons. We started actually we did a 16 inch corn plot at home under 25 acres of irrigation. And I really like the benefits we saw from a soil health perspective, obviously from a revenue perspective, we didn't do quite as well.

17:39 I don't know that we could get the full benefit of interceding. One portion of all interceding that I do like is you're keeping the ground covered on every square inch. There's no gaps in between our 30 inch rows.

18:00 So most of it is on interceding. Our beef cattle. Like I said was more experimental on our farm. I would like to elaborate or expand on that. I'm sorry, and in the future, it's I do believe it's one of the better things we can do for our no-till systems, but it just requires a level of management and I think a higher staff than we have on our farm.

18:29 I'd love to do more of it, but it's just from a time perspective, how do you get it all done? And you know, I hope to someday have the infrastructure and build better parameter fences and do more of it, but currently that's where we're at.

18:49 Oh yeah, well I was just going to, there's all sorts of follow up questions that I want to get to. But I wanted to just kind of summarize maybe a little bit of what I'm hearing about as we think about the soil health principles and some of those stuff that you shared. So reduced disturbance. You've talked about no till and strip till, so as opposed to a lot of the tiller practices.

19:19 I mean, I used to have a grandma that lived in Minnesota. It's pretty common to drive through the state and see a lot of black fields, which is great because you've got really rich soils. But a lot of bare soils. And so you're keeping the ground so much more covered, your armoring that. You're keeping living roots in the soil as much as possible and doing it with diversity as much as possible.

19:48 I like how you have those cool season cash crops and that's allowing you to really position yourself well for these warm season cover crops and really diverse cover crops and diverse cover crops, and then utilizing that with the livestock integration. So I'm just thinking through all those boxes and how you're checking all of those and I really compliment you because it seems like in such a short amount of time, I don't know if it feels like a long amount of time or a short amount of time since you got started with this no till 6 years ago, cover crops 5 years ago, but it just seems like you've really gone all in on all of it and have implemented all of those soil health.

20:51 Learned about, well, I can do something about how I farm. And you know, now I sort of feel a sense of like almost like I have to keep this soil covered because that's my responsibility to not only care for the land, but the people that surround it. I mean, that's our job as farmers. And I hold that very near and dear now just because I don't want to be the reason that somebody doesn't go home to their family at night because I, you know.

21:21 And I don't think that we have to farm with the mentality necessarily that you know if I don't plant a cover crop.

21:29 Somebody's gonna die, but I do think that we're responsible to care for the land and the people that surround it. What we can do to prevent anything was, you know, that's how I feel about cover crops and if you know where we are today.

21:48 Yeah. Dan, can you tell us, you mentioned the various crops that you grow, would you care to mention the order or how you've built the rotation this follows?

22:12 It all depends. Like when we chap corn silage in the fall, no we get. We always try to get our small grain because you know, statistically speaking, corn does better when I'm growing grain production. So following corn silage and younger maturity soybeans we like to get our cereal and canning piece, it's just wherever we have whatever is available for the following season. Generally I like to plant them into soybeans, but sometimes our rotations don't fall that way because canning peas have to be planted every fourth year. So generally my rule of thumb is corn, soybeans, rye, canning peas under, and otherwise on dry land we like to go a corn, soybeans, small grain.

23:08 And you mentioned some crops you're no tilling and some you are strip tilling. How'd you decide which ones you needed to do some strip till and which ones were conducive to no till?

23:31 I was pulling small grains on. I was pulling soil samples and it means like, we, our production seems like it's gone down on those farms the last few years, but I believe our management has become more intensified just because we realize that, just more of our the time we spent, we now spend more crop management, and some of those things that I've noticed is that our production has kind of hit a plateau really where we were just doing no tillage and you know they like to say the regenerative agriculture experts talk about stratification. I do believe that when you have, you know, you get to the southern states like and southern states where it doesn't freeze quite as early as it does here you get good cover crop growth every year. Here if I get a cover crop plan in November first, I'm lucky if it's an inch tall in the spring. So I feel like on those farms that has cost us just because we're not getting that nutrient cycling in the fall. So on those farms that we can't get planted early enough or we don't have manure, year after year, we do small feedings of manure. So we're not disturbing fungus and bacteria too aggressively in microbes. So we like to keep the manure to a lighter rate. And you know with the we don't really have that benefit just because we don't have the time with the further away stuff. So the strip tilling was kind of broad. Or those further away fields that we don't have organic materials to recycle nutrients so we kind of making it more of a

25:30 End of or making it more of a practice on the further away stuff.

25:50 Are you transitioning them to the feedlot? So we have our. Are you talking about? Or finish or just our feed mod cattle? Maybe the different classes of livestock or classes of cattle that you've got. I think one of those last pictures looked to be yearlings. But I mean it's okay.

26:27 I like I really want to get to rotational grazing status, but currently we will pull out. We just have whatever it's an 80 of warm season cover crops. And we'll try and split it in 2 or 3 dependent on water sources and water availability. Like I said, we up and signed up. Strategic infrastructure yet.

27:04 I was curious about that test that you did on the canning peas. I thought that was an excellent test and I loved the different inputs that you had there and what you were comparing that to. I love that you talked about not only the yield differences but the profitability differences, which if you looked at only one of those you would probably have a different conclusion than looking at both of those. In that slide it said that you had a reduction of yield by doing maybe this more regenerative model with it. But you had increased profitability. What do you think it would take to also have boosted yield along with the more profitable or less costly inputs?

27:50 See that's what I don't understand is like we. You know, with with our the further away field receiving synthetic fertilizer and this one is receiving manure. They both been in the same rotation for PDs. So every 4 years, they're both MPs. I have, like I said, never raise grade A canning piece in 10 seasons. And we did some soil sampling. That's right, right, put the crap in. And just kind of looking at like. Obviously peas or for whatever reason peas love boron. I'm not super intelligent with crop fertility but I'm starting to learn with these things and hopefully learn along the way but that I, like I say, I think I was right around $25 an acre by the time I was done with this full year application and it was one pass. I feel like if you take another step or I know there's only so much time in the day people say, but. Now if you could go out that night when you get done with work and you get one more pass on or one more field done. It's just. How much further you could take things to the next level.

29:09 We here in Nebraska don't have much peas grown and I'm not sure where this attendee is from but interesting, just to have that as a crop option. Is that a local place that you're able to take those and how long have you been raising peas?

29:40 That was kind of the other thing that let me to think that what can we do better is this stuff does go to food production. So. Every time I tell it every time I spray it, I'm potentially increasing the odds and I'm not a organic grower but I just I like to think that if I can do a better I'm gonna try so it's very. Very. Difficult because you think. The peas are, you know, the straight like, you know, so. Obviously they're pumping quite a bit of nitrogen into the system. And we kind of try to offset it with.

34:35 Like I say, higher forage qualities and heavier test weight corn. So I mean, any opportunity to go organic, I'd love to. I see Rick Clark's method and I think it's amazing but I'm not at that level. Yeah, I hope one day but not there.

35:05 And personally not wanting to spend that much time trucking and so yeah, I think it speaks well that you consider so many different parts of your context and how these things fit together.

35:21 I also wanted to go back, you mentioned kind of burning up or carbon and nitrogen ratios and that's another thing that I noticed from your crop rotation as well. You have more grasses than legumes. Like 5 to 2 or something like that. Not exactly sure, but it seems like you're conscious of pushing the carbon just as much as you do with legumes.

36:08 To about 2 and a half miles or less of grasses and 3 to 5 pounds of broad leaves. Like, generally the farther away stuff, I'd like to flip flop that a little bit. Just because, not getting the nitrogen credits without the manure and the livestock. So closer to home, I'll probably be like 2 pounds a leg in, farther away from home is as high as 20. So it's just dependent on where we're where we are and what we're following.

36:49 Do you have any favorite cover crops species, maybe in terms of what you'd notice the cattle grazing and are they really hitting any certain species hard or for soil building, have you noticed anything? And those might be one in the same.

37:13 The cattle went crazy over it. It was just getting to boot stage when we put them out there. And I notice like, throughout that mix, there was plenty of things available the first thing the cows went to was the. I don't know why I post that in that particular instance. But it was sort of a light bulb opener for me too, cause I have never been much about pheasant hunting or anything like that. And since we started growing warm season cover crops, it's like, the pheasants love it and it's so cool like that's my opportunity to go out and evaluate our warm season cover crops as I walk the fields and do pheasant hunts and most of the time I don't care necessarily hard. It's just that fun being out there in the field and looking at what the cover crop did and how it's servicing the field.

38:33 And without that power of observation, so again, just crucial, I think within this regenerative journey.

38:55 We had warm season. I heard Ray Archuleta once say, you know, you can when you develop the right mix, you can hear it, you can see it. And I just thought that was so cool because me and my wife came home. My son was crying. I couldn't get him to stop crying. And I told her I was just gonna take him for a walk and we walk down into the cover crop field and you know, I'm sure she would have been terrified if she had come with because the bees were crazy, the sunflowers were full bloom it was the end of dog and that's just some that was the day I realized like there's more to this than just the cover crop like you know. I've never like when Ray said that when you get there's when you have.

39:39 When there's an abundance of bees in the field, you can actually feel them kind of buzzing around you. And that there was just insane to me, the amount of pollinators in the field. And you know that year we harvested about a dozen pheasants off of that 40 acre field.

40:01 I took a couple of my friends out there and we just had a blast. And this one of those observations, like there was no real wildlife habitat around this field at all. And all of a sudden there's a hundred birds in a 40 acre field. They just couldn't believe it, you know. We bring the coverage out to the field and they come.

40:30 A lot of beauty to what you shared there with the family aspect, the community aspect. And just observing and enjoying what you have there.

40:45 Well, cool. I've got a couple more questions here from attendees. Chuck from Nevada is bringing up the compost that you said that's something that you're getting into more. And his question is, can you elaborate more on your setup for the Johnson-Sue and if you're going to be doing the liquid application or if you're going to be doing a finished compost, a dry compost? So anything on that, and if you're too early with that at this point, just sharing a little bit about where you're learning this.

41:27 No problem. Yeah, we can still hear you just fine.

41:34 Yeah, so our setup is kind of simple. We actually had the other side of our dairy barn that we were milking in and a milking area. But I kind of converted that into because it has in and it's warm. And that's kind of the whole goal of compost is keeping it about freezing. So I follow a lot of Jay Young's method. I think what he's doing is pretty cool. And using IBC containers to make my liquid so it'll be fully for your applications. But it's just starting out. I've made four bioreactors and we're going to run with that, maybe some seed coatings, but I plan to do it all in liquid form.

42:30 I haven't made any sort of extractor yet. I've done a lot of research, hours and hours of research on making an extractor. I do think there's some pretty awesome products out there that are manufactured. It's just entry level for me. So I don't know if I'm going to spend the kind of money that these manufactured ones are. I've seen some pretty cool stuff that guys are making just on their own farms, utilizing old fertilizer tanks or water tanks with pumps. And yeah, there's a whole another level, but it's the filtration stuff is something another thing I gotta learn about to incorporate it through a sprayer.

43:12 I did some mixing stuff, radishes, alpha, sort of, I don't know if you will bruise extract. That basically brew in a barrel. And then you harvest them and I did some experiments with that, trials, and putting them, you know, testing them on live plants. I don't burn or damage crops because I've heard this stuff's pretty concentrated. I've seen it first hand. I did a couple of fields that I thought.

43:45 A couple of fields that I thought was light enough. And it happened to burn some corn leaves. And that's the other part of me is like there's gotta be something more to it.

44:00 Unfortunately my first experience with you looked you down like with fertilizer and for your application. I mix it with some LG. In soil and the micronutrient, some sugar and brought it out to the field then we got a hundred 24 booms on our spare and I plug every tip all the way across. So it makes you, you know, I wasn't necessarily happy about it, but now I just get to go back to the drawing board and try again.

44:58 A lot of people that are very intelligent there. I'm much smarter than myself. But it's very cool to go to those places and get resources. I mean, you can ask a question and you don't feel silly asking a question that might be stupid to some people but it's just, you know there, Johnson's who composting another page that I follow that's where I learned about J and now I actually watch quite a bit of his YouTube younger at Angus. It's very cool stuff.

45:56 One thing I will say is I'm still learning about. Vahaini still learning about. The handy test. Very unfamiliar to me. I grew up with the simple Brails and tests and I've done a fair amount of handy sampling on our farm. I'm still not a hundred percent rehearsed on how to read them yet. I'm still getting there. I've had some guidance, other people that have stepped up and sort of led me the right way and try to get me pointed in the right direction. But any opportunity to have to sit in on something at the National Noelage Conference this here to learn more about handy testing. I, I am very, excited. About the technologies they have offered with that just because the CO 2 bursts and your carbon nitrogen ratios. I found out yesterday that a magnesium and calcium are very big proponent. To getting conversions in your nitrogen. And that's something I did not know. So. Just yeah, anyway I can in the future utilize these to reduce inputs and Yeah, Jay Young's utilizing it, to reduce actually from my understanding, he's not using any 1034 10340 in Ferro or maybe he still is some but a large majority of this testing has suggested that Jonathan Sue Compost would replace 10340 which I thought was pretty cool.

47:28 Yeah. Are you doing your own prescriptions and fertility plans or are you working with in the for that.

47:35 So, my brother does a large majority of our prescriptions. And I'll sit down and do our nitrogen applications we do urea we would like to do liquid nitrogen. Just one of the other things we have a sprayer and we do our own crowd. For your applications and herbicide applications. So it's very difficult for us to make time for all of it. So we do have the urea spread on. At B 5 on our corn. So, and I do most of those prescriptions. As far as NP or SP and K goes, he does all that for the soil warrior he does when I pull him and I go all together. own ways we each pull samples and he does all the like I say the strip telling and I do the cover crop.

48:23 And I do the cover crop planting the fall so. Any thoughts on that? I think it would be a different picture than this that looks like the Japanese. Yeah, I think Jonathan was just on it. I think it's one slide back. Other way. I don't know why. Oh, thank you.

48:57 This was when the field was maturing. I don't know what I could say about that. Madfield. It is like I said, one of our strip tilt fields, I can't tell you why there's green streaking there. I think it was just at the maturing time. I do know that now that you mentioned that it's kind of in a couple of different spots.

49:28 Yeah, my apologies. I wonder if that's perhaps just a matter of some of that Japanese mill it looks to be headed out some is maybe not. Yeah, it's maturing. The other thing was is it was a very dry here this summer. I think we received maybe 5 inches of rain throughout the growing season and most of it came later, so.

49:54 A lot of this was very drought stricken. This field in specific, normally we don't have to irrigate cover crops, but I did put about 2 and a half inches on this field just to keep it through small rain events and keep it going, because you got the investment in a cover crop and it's not doing anything for you when it's sitting there dormant.

50:17 Well, Dan, I think that's all of our questions. So, is there anything else that you'd like to share before we wrap things up?

50:47 Almost immediately, especially on light soils where we were. For whatever reason we saw a substantial change. Not only in the soils, properties, but the way it looked. Washouts we used to have to fill because we farm some pretty hilly stuff as well. So that change was abrupt, but I think. I wouldn't have it any other way. We've come a long way in 6 years, but we've got a lot further to go.

51:21 One thing I will say is we need to learn a little bit more about or I shouldn't say to learn, but be more cautious of rain events. And in the spring, the last 2 seasons we've gotten pretty bad from, drought. So our cover crops unfortunately up took a lot of the moisture that we needed to get the crop started. So and I know a lot of people say we'll go out and spray better on the other side of things if you spray early and you get a lot of moisture and you have nothing green holding the hills and then all of a sudden, wash out. So it's kind of a double-edged sword, but we're trying to fine tune. I don't know if you will, but make some finite adjustments to do a better job with that.

52:29 So thank you so much for sharing. Your story with us. We really appreciate it. I've certainly contributed, but there's a lot of other people in our operation, family friends that help us out. That have made this all possible. I mean, we couldn't make this transition without all of those people that give us a hand in the summer when they're bored on the weekend and wanna come drive a tractor to help make hay or do something else so I can go start another pivot or make another crop application because those those sort of things are what make these cover crops possible because if I was, you know, strictly focused on harvesting all the time, I wouldn't be able to make. These sort of adjustments to our farm.

53:48 Again, this will be uploaded on YouTube too if you want to share it for anybody who wasn't able to join today. So. Yeah thanks Jonathan. Appreciate.